Seyyed Saeid Pourdad; Mehdi Jamshid Moghaddam
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2013, Pages 1-16
Abstract
Safflower is an oilseed crop with high adaptability to rainfed conditions of Iran. It is native crop in Iran and due to some morphological characters specially root system it shows good resistance to drought stress. In present investigation to study genetic variation in fall planting of safflower in ...
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Safflower is an oilseed crop with high adaptability to rainfed conditions of Iran. It is native crop in Iran and due to some morphological characters specially root system it shows good resistance to drought stress. In present investigation to study genetic variation in fall planting of safflower in rainfed condition 100 genotypes were evaluated in a 10×10 simple lattice square design with two replications for 9 agronomic characters. The results showed that variation for number of days to flowering and physiological maturity was limited such that selection for earliness among the genotypes under study is not expected to be effective and for this reason in order to increase the genetic variation, other breeding strategies should be applied. There was relative variation for plant height and high variation for yield components and seed and oil yield. The results showed that for all traits except seed and oil yield the environmental variance was bigger than genetic variance also coefficient of variation and broad sense heritability for most of the traits were low. Therefore environment had a high influence on traits under study such that indirect selection for yield through these traits is not expected to be successful. On the other hand estimation of genetic parameters for seed and oil yield revealed that direct selection should be effective in the present germplasm collection. Factor analysis led to four loading factors which explained 68.9 percent of total variation. The first factor explained 26% of the total variation called as yield factor, the second factor explained 15.7% of the total variance and was called as yield components factor, the third factor explained 15.4% of the total variance and was called phonological factor and finally the fourth factor explained 11.8% of total variation and was called as plant height factor. Grouping of genotypes by cluster analysis resulted in four clusters. The second cluster had the lowest mean for seed and oil yield and plant height but the fourth cluster had the highest mean for the seed and oil yield. This latter cluster can be used in breeding programs to increasing safflower potential for seed and oil yield.
Kouresh Nader Mahmoodi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2013, Pages 17-31
Abstract
Seed is one of the most important inputs in wheat and barley crops production systems. Due to the importance of bred seeds in crop production with higher quality and quantity, demands have been increased for seed of newly released wheat and barley varieties in recent years. But the agricultural research ...
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Seed is one of the most important inputs in wheat and barley crops production systems. Due to the importance of bred seeds in crop production with higher quality and quantity, demands have been increased for seed of newly released wheat and barley varieties in recent years. But the agricultural research stations would not be able to produce enough initial seed nucleus to cover the demands because of limited land resources and funds. Furthermore, the lack of initial nucleus seed is due to inefficiency of conventional seed production method (hill-pot method); because it needs more land, time, fund, and too much manual operation. The newly developed method, presented in this paper, designed based on plot cultivation and has been successfully implemented during 2006-09 at the Sararood Agricultural Research Station. In comparison with the conventional method, the new method could produce clean nucleus seed with less cost. By implementation of new method, the production of initial nucleus seed of Sararood-1 (barley variety) has been raised significantly from 300 to 3900 kg/ha, which is 13-fold increase. It can be concluded that, shifting from conventional methods to the new method would improve the quantity, quality and purity of nucleus seed production with lower cost in breeder seed production centers.
Farhad Ahakpaz; Koorosh Nader mahmoodi; Ali Hesami; Kazem Soleimani; Elyas Neyestani
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2013, Pages 33-52
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine grain yield stability of rainfed promising barley genotypes across six rainfed research stations (Maragheh, Sararood, Uromieh, Qamloo, Zanjan and Ardabil) under cold and semi-cold conditions during three cropping seasons (2006-2009) in Iran. The studied genotypes ...
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This study was conducted to determine grain yield stability of rainfed promising barley genotypes across six rainfed research stations (Maragheh, Sararood, Uromieh, Qamloo, Zanjan and Ardabil) under cold and semi-cold conditions during three cropping seasons (2006-2009) in Iran. The studied genotypes were 10 promising barley lines along with two checks (one local and one newly released variety, (Abidar). In each environment, the experiment was arranged in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Results of combined ANOVA showed that location, year, genotype and interactions of location´genotype and year´location´genotype had significant effect on grain yield. The genotypes had the highest and the lowest grain yield in Sararood (2549 Kg/ha) and Zanjan (1578 Kg/ha) stations, respectively. Line No. 9 with 2061 Kg/ha had the highest grain yield among the tested genotypes. Results of stability parameters (i.e., Eberhart and Russell’s regression method, Lin and Binn’s method, environmental coefficient of variation, environment variance, Wricke’s ecovalance,Shukla’s stability variance and ranking methods) showed that line No. 2, 5 and 9 had higher and stable yield in different environments. Hence, these genotypes could be recommended for cultivation under cold and semi-cold rainfed conditions of Iran.
Gholamreza Valizadeh; Behzad Sadeghzadeh; Mahmood Teimourian
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2013, Pages 53-62
Abstract
Changes of soil physico-chemical properties for different management systems leading to change phosphorusrequirement, adsorption and buffering capacity in soils were studied. Soil samples of different soil management systems were analyzed for soil properties changes. Then, phosphate adsorption isotherms ...
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Changes of soil physico-chemical properties for different management systems leading to change phosphorusrequirement, adsorption and buffering capacity in soils were studied. Soil samples of different soil management systems were analyzed for soil properties changes. Then, phosphate adsorption isotherms for the soils of different managements ((Langmuir adsorption isotherm) were examined. For all samples, adsorption of P was determined at standard equilibrium concentration (C). Adsorption capacity (Xm), requirement and buffering capacity were determined from plot of C/X as function of C with linearly equation (C/X= C/Xm+1/K*Xm). The results indicated that different soil management systems changed soil physico-chemical properties. P sorption curve showed that with an increase in equilibrium concentration of P, the amount of adsorbed P increased linearly at different soil management systems. Accordingly, by using Langmuir adsorption isotherm, results indicated that phosphorus adsorption capacity differed from 800 to 1500 mg/kg at different soil managements. P adsorption capacity in natural pasture and forage-wheat system compared to others systems were highest. The lowest P adsorption capacity was at fallow-wheat system. It can be concluded that soil management systems change soil physico-chemical properties. P requirement, adsorption and buffering capacity were varied for different soil management systems. Phosphorus availability depend on P adsorption and buffering capacity.
Ezatollah Farshadfar; Farzad Moradi; Reza Mohammadi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2013, Pages 63-84
Abstract
This research was investigated to study the agronomic and physiological characteristics of 20 bread wheat genotypes under both rainfed (stress) and irrigated (non-stress) conditions in the filed (RCBD) and laboratory (CRD) with three replications in Sararood Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Kermanshah, ...
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This research was investigated to study the agronomic and physiological characteristics of 20 bread wheat genotypes under both rainfed (stress) and irrigated (non-stress) conditions in the filed (RCBD) and laboratory (CRD) with three replications in Sararood Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Kermanshah, Iran, in 2004-05 cropping season. Genotypes were evaluated for physiological and agronomic traits in the both field and laboratory conditions. The genotypes differed significantly for the measured traits. Genotype No. 17 (Marvdasht) with the highest yield under normal condition had the highest stress tolerance index (STI) and tolerance index (TOL), whereas genotype No. 20 (Sardari) with the highest yield under rainfed had the lowest TOL and moderate STI. The results of regression analysis indicated that traits of Pro, Chl-a, DH, PedL, PH and TKW were accounted for 60% of total variation of grain yield under rainfed condition.. Based on results of correlation analysis, the laboratory traits were as a good alternative for most of field traits. Therefore, use of them for some selections in filed can be suggested. According to principal component analysis (PCA) and biplot analysis, the genotypes No. 11, 9 and 10 with relatively high yield in the both conditions had high proline content and high TKW and the highest germination stress index (GSI) and promptness index (PI). Genotype No. 17 with the highest yielding production under normal condition was characterized as genotype with the highest values for STI, chlorophyll fluorescence, cellular membrane stability and Chl-a and Chl-b. STI was positively (P<0.01) associated with yields under both stress and non-stress conditions, thus can be regarded as suitable index for screening drought tolerant genotypes.
Ali Reza Tavakoli; Abdolmajid Liaghat; Amin Alizadeh
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2013, Pages 85-99
Abstract
Low cereal and legumes yields and their RWP index are mainly due to poor distribution of rainfall and poor agronomic management practices. Rainfed barley yield and rain water productivity (RWP, defined as rainfed grain yield divided by the total crop season annual rainfall water) in the dry farming are ...
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Low cereal and legumes yields and their RWP index are mainly due to poor distribution of rainfall and poor agronomic management practices. Rainfed barley yield and rain water productivity (RWP, defined as rainfed grain yield divided by the total crop season annual rainfall water) in the dry farming are considerable by topography and latitude. Yield data, rainfall, altitude and latitude of 182 points during the 2003-2007 were used. Total rainfed barley areas under consideration are 1.032 million ha, total rain water available at this area is 4.726 billion cubic meters and barley yield was obtained equal to 1019 kg/ha. Average rain water productivity of rainfed barley was obtained 0.239 kg per cubic meter. Areas of study, 32.4% areas have less than 85 percent of the average rain water productivity, 26.4 % have between 85 and 115 percent of of the average rain water productivity and 41.2% have more than 15 percent of the average rain water productivity. While, the rain water productivity of 80% areas less than 0.33 kg per cubic meter, only yield of 20 % area are more than 1303 kg/ha. Yield of 60% area (with RWP less than 0.28 kg.m-3) is less than 1027 kg/ha. Rain water productivity on the rise from latitude 32 and this trend continues until latitude 37.5. Relationship between topography and barley yield is a negative linear and highest frequency is topography ranges from 1200 to 1800 m. With increasing topography, RWP increased, and highest frequency is topography ranges from 1000 to 1800m and then gradually decreased rain water productivity.
Mohsen Mahdiyeh; Hamid Rahimiyan e Mashhadi; Khoshnood Alizadeh
Volume 2, Issue 1 , May 2013, Pages 101-111
Abstract
In order to compare the performance of different weed mangement methods in spring and waiting planting of rainfed chickpea this experiment was carrid out as split plot in randomized complete block design with four replications at Maragheh agricaltural research station during 2004–2005 crop season. ...
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In order to compare the performance of different weed mangement methods in spring and waiting planting of rainfed chickpea this experiment was carrid out as split plot in randomized complete block design with four replications at Maragheh agricaltural research station during 2004–2005 crop season. The main factors were planting ِdates including the waiting and spring planting. Sub plots were weed control treatments with 11 levels included two levelds of handy weeding, three levels of mechanical control, five levels of chemical control and check without contol. Comparison of means showed that handy weeding was better treatment comparing chemical and mechanical control and had more grain yield at both planting dates. Among chemical weed control methods, the treatment Pursuit in waiting planting had 606.2 kg.ha-1 grain yield was the best treatment. Among mechanical control the treatment of inter-row caltivation along with hand weeding on crop rows in spring planting had 764.9 kg.ha-1 grain yield was the best treatment. Economical evaluation of different herbicides showed that Pursuit had %124 net economic gain in comparison with check, and with %57 net gain over full control, it was the best treatment in the waiting planting method. Full handy control with %126 and mecahanical control with %112 net gain over check were more economical treatments in the spring planting date.
