Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 1 Soil and Water Research Department, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Research Center, AREEO, Ilam, I. R. Iran
2 Laboratory Research Department, Soil and Water Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Optimal production of rainfed crops with proper management of crop residue conservation in order to sustain production growth and improve the quantity and quality of plant performance to provide food is an undeniable necessity. In dryland conditions, one of the important changes in plant physiology affected by drought stress is the increase in ethylene biosynthesis up to stress ethylene that reduces plant growth. Stress ethylene cause to decline in vegetative period and decrease grain yield. Mycorrhiza and ACC-deaminase producing bacteria decline the destructive effects of drought stress under dryland condition.
Materials & Methods: In order to determine the effectiveness of preserving the crop residues and using the Funneliformis mosseae and ACC-deaminase producing bacteria for reducing the effects of water deficit stress in dryland conditions, this study was conducted as a split plots in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications from 2017 for two cropping years. The main plots include three different crop residue managment treatments including residue removal, keeping half of crop residue and keeping total crop residue and sub-plots at four levels including 1- control (no use of Funneliformis mosseae and ACC-deaminase producing bacteria), 2- application of Funneliformis mosseae 3- inoculation of ACC-deaminase producing bacteria (preparation of Bacillus simplex UT1 inoculation with 107 CFU ml-1 population or colony unit formed in ml and method of seed coating application 4- concomitant use of Funneliformis mosseae and ACC-deaminase-producing bacteria. Quantitative traits of chickpea such as grain and biological yield, 100-seed weight and number of seeds per square meter and physiological traits like relative leaf water content (RWC), concentration and total uptake of potassium and zinc as two important elements in water relations were measured in plants. Data were analyzed by SAS v.9.2 software and the means were compared by LSD test.
Research findings: The results of analysis of variance showed that the main effect of crop residue managment on grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were significant at 1, 1 and 5 percent levels, respectively. By keeping half of the crop residues, 1224 kg of seeds per ha of chickpea was obtained, which showed an increase of 7.81% compared to the control. The results of this study showed that the yield of chickpea seeds in the treatment of without Funneliformis mosseae and ACC-deaminase producing bacteria was 1097 kg ha-1, while the highest grain yield of chickpea was recorded for the treatment of Funneliformis mosseae and ACC-producing bacteria by 1294 kg ha-1, which it was by 17.9 % higher grain yield than control treatment. In general, the combined application of Funneliformis mosseae and ACC-deaminase producing bacteria increased yield, yield components and improved nutrient concentration compared to the control treatment. Based on the results of this study, in treatments of crop residue preservation, the use of Funneliformis mosseae is recommended, especially in combination with inoculation of ACC-deaminase producing bacteria in order to stabilize the production of chickpeas.
Keywords
Main Subjects
)