Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- Gholamhassan Ranjbar 1
- Saber Golkari 2
- Mohammad Hassan Rahimian 3
- Farhad Dehghani 4
- Vali Soltani Gerdfaramarzi 5
1 Associate Professor, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
5 Researcher, National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Drought and salinity stresses are the main impacts of climate change event. Wheat as an important crop in arid and semi-arid regions, have a high contribution in society food security. Climate change and reduction in irrigation water quantity as well as increasing soil and water salinity resources caused to remarkable reduction in wheat planting areas in dry and semi-dry regions such as Yazd province during last decade. Using early maturing cultivars with lower water requirement and tolerate to saline condition could be used for maintain planting area.
Methodology: This field experiment was carried out as split-plot design arranged as randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate yield and yield component of some early maturity wheat cultivars in two years. Experimental factors were two levels of irrigation water salinity (2.5 and 10 dS m-1) in main plots and dryland wheat cultivars; Aftab, Aseman, Ghabous, Kabir, Karim, Kohdasht, Paya along with Barzgar as the local check cultivar in sub-plots. The field was irrigated five times at planting, tillering, mid stem elongation, ear emergence and milking stages of early maturing cultivars. Total water consuming through growing season was 5210 and 5549 m3 ha-1 in first and second years, respectively.
Research findings: Results showed that Aftab produced the highest grain yield by 489.60 and 532.57 g m-2 in first and second years, respectively. Barzegar grain yield was lower than that of Aftab by 28.32% and 47.79% in first and second years, respectively. Aseman, Aftab and Paya had the highest thousand kernel weight (TKW). In turn, the lowest TKW was observed for Barzegar and Karim. Irrigation water salinity by 10 dS m-1 (saline condition) reduced wheat plant height by 36.30 percent compared to non-saline condition (2.5 dS m-1). Grain yield for the Aftab and Barzegar was reduced by 31.52 and 39.91 percent in saline condition compared to no-saline condition, respectively. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to maintain crop areas in dry and semi-dry regions by developing high yielding of early maturity wheat cultivars under drought and salinity limitations.
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