Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- Hossein Rostami-Ahmadvandi 1
- Reza Amiri 2
- Sadegh Shahbazi Dorbash 3
- Mehdi Jamshidmoghaddam 4
- Khoshnood Alizadeh Dizaj 5
- Ali Eftekhariinia 6
1 Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI) Sararood Deputy, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Khorramabad, Iran
3 Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, AREEO, Maragheh, Iran
4 Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Sararood Deputy, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (ARREO), Kermanshah, Iran
5 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Oromye, Iran
6 Researcher, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Lorestan Province, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Khorramabad, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Introduction: Safflower is currently recognized as a climate-resilient crop due to its ability to perform relatively well across a wide range of regions and diverse climatic conditions. The production and introduction of new safflower varieties suitable for Iran's climatic conditions and the changing climate in recent years is essential, with a prerequisite being a thorough examination of the genetic diversity of native and imported ecotypes. This study was conducted to evaluate safflower lines for various important agronomic traits and oil content, aiming to select desirable genotypes for use in breeding programs during the adaptation phase.
Methodology: In this experiment, 18 safflower lines (selected in a preliminary trial) along with the introduced cultivars Sina, Omid, and Faraman by Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2021-2022 growing season at three locations: the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (Sararood Station, Kermanshah, Iran), the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Lorestan, Iran, and the research farm of the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (Maragheh, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran).
Research findings: The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of location was significant for all measured traits except seed oil content. The genotype-by-location interaction was not significant for phenological traits (days to flowering and days to physiological maturity) and thousand-seed weight, indicating relatively similar behavior of the genotypes for these traits across the experimental locations. The genotypic variation range was high for seed oil content (75.65%) and thousand-seed weight (68.25%), while it was low (less than 10%) for other traits. Based on the results biplot of genotype × trait performance, Line 1 showed high specific adaptability to Kermanshah. The Sina cultivar and Line 7 performed superiorly in Lorestan, while Line 6 was distinguished in Maragheh. Correlation analysis of agronomic traits also revealed a significant positive correlation between plant height and yield, as well as between plant height and the number of sub-branches. Based on the preliminary adaptation results of safflower lines under rainfed conditions in the three regions and their mean rankings, some lines were selected for further breeding programs at the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute of Iran.
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