Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Assistant professor, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Sararood Branch, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: The Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) rotation with wheat is very important because of the ability of chickpea to fix nitrogen and improve soil fertility. Chickpea has a limited ability to compete with weeds due to its relatively slow early growth season. Among the methods of weed control, herbicides have an important role in weed management because of their efficiency and cost-effectiveness, and they are widely used today.
Methodology: In order to survey the efficacy of several pre-and post-emergence herbicides on weed control in the autumn cultivation of chickpeas, a split-plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the Sararoud region during 2021–2022 and 2022-2023. The experiment was carried out in a field that was under wheat cultivation the previous year. The main plots contained two tillage systems (conventional tillage and no-tillage). The sub plots included 12 herbicide treatments (Trifluralin, Trifluralin + Bethanal progress, Isoxaflutole, Isoxaflutole + Bethanal progress, Oxyfluorfen, Oxyfluorfen + Bethanal progress, Imazethapyr, Imazethapyr + Bethanal progress, Fluorochloridone, Fluorochloridone + Bethanal progress, Metribuzin, Metribuzin + Bethanal progress, and two controls (weed-free and weed-infested).
Research findings: In the first year, conventional tillage reduced the density and dry weight of weeds, but this reduction was statistically significant for the dry weight of weeds. In this year the lowest weeds dry weight was related to the conventional tillage and in the herbicide treatments of fluorochloridone, isoxaflotel and oxyfluorfen, it was 75, 80 and 81 gr/m2 respectively. In the second year, the lowest density with 6.3 plants/m2 and biomass with 81 gr/m2 of weeds for fluorochloridone were recorded. The highest yield of chickpea grain yield was observed for the control treatment (weed free) and trifloralin + bethanal progress, 846 and 664 kg/ha for the first year and 627 and 496 kg/ha for the second year. The application of Betanal herbicide at the 5 to 10 centimeter stage of chickpea growth, aimed at controlling broad leaf weeds, was not effective, and there was no statistically significant difference between its application and non-application. Herbicides isoxaflotel and trifloralin and conventional tillage system had better efficiency according to the highest percentage of weed control and the maximum yield of chickpea grain yield.
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