Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Research Agricultural and Natural Resource and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension organization (AREEO), Hamedan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural ResourcesResearch and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension
3 Hamedan Machine Barzegar Company, Hamedan, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Chickpea is one of the important legumes of dry regions, which can be replaced by fallow in rotation with wheat. Due to the lack of moisture in the dryland areas and the decrease in soil fertility due to continuous use of the common method of tillage and not maintining crop residuals, the use of conservation tillage systems in these areas are important due to the advantages of this method (preserving soil moisture, reducing soil erosion and increasing soil fertility, preserving the environment, reducing production costs, etc.). Also, chickpea cultivation is expanding due to the interest in sustainable agriculture, because when legumes are planted in rotation with other crops, they can reduce the consumption of nitrogen fertilizers. In addition, legumes can be recommended to restore areas where the physical and chemical properties of the soil have been deteriorated over years.
Methodology: Six methods of tillage and planting chickpea in wheat residue including T1- reduced tillage with conservaion compound tiller (chisel-packer) + planting chickpeas with seed drill, T2- compound tiller (subsoiler + chisel + roller) + planting chickpeas with seed drill, T3- no till (plant of chickpeas with a direct seeder), T4- Three-level tiller (subsoiler + chisel + roller) + use of a roller leveling device + planting chickpeas with a seeder, T5 - using a leveling roller + plant of chickpea with a direct seeder and T6- the conventional method of the region (broadcasting chickpea by hand + plowing with a moldboard plow) as control were implemented as a randomized complete block design in three replications for three years.
Research findings: The results of this experiment showed that the effect of different tillage methods on the chickpea grain yield and its components were significant (P<0.05). Treatment T3 with an average grain yield of 608.6 kgha-1 and treatment T6 with an average 369.3 kg ha-1 had the highest and lowest grain yields, respectively. The effect of different tillage methods on weed weight were significant (P<0.05). Treatments T2, T3 and T5 had the lowest amount of weeds and treatments T1 and T6 had the highest amount of weeds. From the economic point of view, the highest gross value (267784000 Rials per hectare) and net value (261784000 Rials per hectare) was related to T3 treatment, which shows the highest value among the examined treatments. Based on the obtained results, direct planting of chickpeas in wheat residues was recommend for conditions similar to the present experiment.
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