plant breeding
Somayeh Dadashi; Abdolhadi Hossein Zadeh; Naser Mohammadi; Mohamad Reza Bihamta; Mohamad Reza Naghavi
Volume 13, Issue 2 , December 2024, , Pages 253-267
Abstract
Introduction: Yellow rust (Puccinia striformis sp. tritici) is known as one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in worldwide as well as Iran and caused a significant reduction in the grain yield. In this regard, host resistance is calculated as the most management strategies for this disease. Moreover, ...
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Introduction: Yellow rust (Puccinia striformis sp. tritici) is known as one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in worldwide as well as Iran and caused a significant reduction in the grain yield. In this regard, host resistance is calculated as the most management strategies for this disease. Moreover, the identification of resistance sources at the seedling and adult stages of plant growth and development is a necessary task to achieve durable resistance. Hence, the main objective of the present study was to investigation of resistance of a set of promising bread wheat genotypes under controlled greenhouse and filed conditions. Methodology: The plant genetic materials undertaken in this research included 71 promising bread wheat genotypes along with five local varieties as control genotypes. The greenhouse test was done using several isolates taking part from Zarghan, Mashhad, and Karaj regions. The field experiments were performed using the identified yellow rust race at the two locations including Zarghan and Aedabil during two cropping seasons (2020-2022). Several parameters such as infection type (IT), coefficient of infection (CI), and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were calculated for determine the resistance rate of tested genotypes. Research findings: Based on results, 33, 46, 49, and 53% of the total tested genotypes showed resistant against 6E134A+, Yr27, 6E142A+, Yr27, 46E190A+, Yr27, and 6E130A+, Yr27 isolates at the seedling stage, respectively. At the adult plant stage, 24 genotypes showed the resistance reaction (R and R/MR) against yellow rust disease in thee Ardabil region across two years. In the Zarghan region, 26 and 18 genotypes showed the resistance reaction in the first and second year, respectively. According to CI parameter, 33 and 32 genotypes were placed into the resistant group across two years. Moreover, the results of cluster analysis showed that all genotypes were grouped into separate clusters, and the resistant genotypes in Ardabil and Zarghan were recognized from other genotypes. In general, our findings indicated that genotypes numbers 12, 17, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 37, and 74 showed a relative resistance against all yellow rust isolates at the both seedling and adult plant stages.
Molecular genetics
Hamed Broushan; Reza Darvishzadeh; Hamid Hatami Maleki; Naser Mohammadi
Volume 12, Issue 1 , August 2023, , Pages 13-45
Abstract
Title: Proteomics Studies in Abiotic StressesIntroduction: The increase in the world's population, along with climate change, which reduces the efficiency of agricultural products, is a major challenge for food security. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat and cold cause many changes in ...
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Title: Proteomics Studies in Abiotic StressesIntroduction: The increase in the world's population, along with climate change, which reduces the efficiency of agricultural products, is a major challenge for food security. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat and cold cause many changes in the physiological, biochemical and molecular processes of plants. By knowing the role of proteins expressed in response to stress, the mechanisms and processes of stress tolerance can be accurately and comprehensively analyzed and evaluated. Also, by discovering new stress-resistant proteins, it is possible to improve stress resistance in transgenic plants with genetic engineering and genome editing methods and increase yield performance. The study of proteomics as a powerful tool for the separation and detection of stress-responsive proteins will help us in this way.Materials & Methods: This article is a review paper that was obtained by searching related articles on reliable sites (Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, SID). Research findings: Proteomics studies have led to the identification of several biological and physiological pathways responsible for tolerance to abiotic stresses in different plant species. In this regard, the identification of genes encoding the proteins involved in these processes as well as the transfer and overexpression of these candidate genes in plants is an effective strategy to improve stress resistance in economic agricultural products. In addition, the differential expression of genes in response to different stresses showed that some proteins have the same morphological and physiological manifestations in response to multiple stresses applied to them.
